![]() In the string 11/17 selected by the user, the application turns the 11 into numerators, and the slash into a fraction slash when the user applies the fraction feature.įunction: This feature changes selected figures from the default lining style to oldstyle form. In cases where lining figures are the default form, this feature would undo previous substitutions.įunction: Replaces selected figures which precede a slash with numerator figures, and replaces the typographic slash with the fraction slash. Various characters designed to be used with figures may also be covered by this feature. The user invokes this feature in order to get lining figures, which fit better with all-capital text. The glyph for ffl replaces the sequence of glyphs f f l.įunction: This feature changes selected figures from oldstyle to the default lining form. This feature covers the ligatures which the designer/manufacturer judges should be used in normal conditions. The user enters 3/4 in a recipe and gets the threequarters fraction.įunction: Replaces a sequence of glyphs with a single glyph which is preferred for typographic purposes. In the string 11/17 selected by the user, the application turns the 17 into denominators when the user applies the fraction feature.įunction: Replaces figures separated by a slash with 'common' (diagonal) fractions. Function: Replaces selected figures which follow a slash with denominator figures. 1953) Digital code in True Type Format, Gift of Donald Meeker, Meeker & Associates Inc., and James Montalbano, Terminal Design, Inc. The gift of these signs to Cooper Hewitt in 2011 included a compact disc with some brief explanatory materials: Disc, Digital Font: Clearview Font Family, 2004 James Montalbano (American, b. “Throughout the City, a New Generation of Street Signs.” The New York Times. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. Mir Finkelman is the Collections Assistant for Drawings, Prints & Graphic Design at Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum ![]() The New York City Department of Transportation continues to further the goal of ‘rationaliz the built environment’ by installing and maintaining over one million street signs, and you can see how they do it here! Though apparently opaque, the ink in fact allows light to pass through it, allowing it to remain equally legible in both ambient daylight and also under direct light at night. The ink is designed not only to resist graffiti (including spray paint, permanent marker, stickers, and lipstick!) but also weather erosion for up to 10 years. The sheeting and inks, produced by 3M, are designed to deliver “optimal performance at all sight distances” and angles of approach. The material elements of each sign also work to improve visibility in varying conditions. 1953) Color inkjet print with Epson UltraChromeK3 ink on Epson Proofing Paper Commercial Gift of Donald Meeker, Meeker & Associates, Inc., and James Montalbano, Terminal Design, Inc., 1968) for Meeker & Associates (Larchmont, NY), with graphic design by James Montalbano (American, b. 1947) and Christopher O’Hara (American, b. Poster, Comparative Anatomy of FHWA Series E-modified to Clearview 5-W, ApDesigned by Donald Meeker (American, b. This sign for Brooklyn’s Barclay Street showcases the Clearview typeface: In 2010, in an effort to increase safety and legibility, the Federal Highway Administration required that all signs be produced with a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters in a typeface called Clearview, replacing the all-uppercase Highway Gothic typeface that prevailed in New York City for over 50 years. Each of these changes aimed to bring greater order and clarity to the city’s streets. ![]() From the 1910s to 1930s, a blue and white rounded style was in use, and in the 1970s, each borough’s signs had a designated color combination. Though New Yorkers are likely most familiar with green and white signs (or brown and white for historic landmarked areas, or blue and white for streets with nicknames), New York’s signs have a much more colorful past. The recognizable rectangular shape of today’s signs, like this one in Cooper Hewitt’s collection, date to about 1910, when they replaced the more ornate Victorian signage of the 19 th century. ![]() ![]() They were intended to “rationalize the city’s built environment,” and have undergone many changes over the years. The first street signs in New York City, known as “direction boards,” were posted in 1793 and were largely used on horsecars. ![]()
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